Serenading Rarity: Unveiling Primary Serous Carcinoma in Bilateral Fallopian Tubes – A Captivating Case Journey and Literature Odyssey

Abstract

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is an exceedingly rare malignancy, constituting approximately 0.14–1.8% of all gynecological cancers, with bilateral involvement occurring in only 20% of cases. Due to its rarity and clinical similarity to ovarian carcinoma, accurate preoperative diagnosis is achieved in merely 4% of cases and often relies on histopathological findings. This report details a case of bilateral primary serous carcinoma of the fallopian tubes in a 62-year-old woman presenting with menorrhagia. She underwent surgery, and postoperative histopathology revealed serous carcinoma in both fallopian tubes. CA-125 has proven useful for monitoring tumor progression during follow-up. Utilizing CA-125 levels alongside ultrasonography can enhance diagnostic accuracy, particularly in cases where ovarian morphology appears unremarkable. Disease stage at laparotomy is a critical prognostic determinant in PFTC. Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion for this uncommon malignancy, particularly in postmenopausal women.